Advancements Of The Middle Class - 1111 Words

Innovations grounded in industrialization paved the way for shifting lifestyle for Europeans and Americans. Between 1700 and 1830, much of America and Europe experienced a rise in innovation, propelling product design. Previously, manufacturers utilized basic tools and machinery. As a result, mass production, improved transportation and communication surfaced. There was an increased volume and variety of products. Because of the varietal increase among products, designed objects helped distinguish social hierarchy both nationally and individually. Nationally, in the sense that the object was owned by most people perhaps among the middle class. Individually, in the sense that most members of the upper class wanted objects specifically†¦show more content†¦The middle class began to own objects otherwise considered luxuries, including tea and tea tables. Tea became cheaper to produce, which was previously restricted to the powerful. â€Å"All the excitement of fashionable soc ial gatherings became bound up in one item–the tea table.† This tilt-top tea table enabled people to engage in social interaction and display their refinement, while allowing equal say in conversation. Also, â€Å"[†¦] they were being built inexpensively for a mid-level market.† Artisans collaborated with other specialists to make their jobs easier, reduce costs and raise profits. Tilt-top tea tables became a staple in American parlors. As their equity grew, the colonists desired a more fashionable household, including new structures like the aforementioned. These tables were shipped mostly everywhere in the colonies, becoming a national trend, which attests to â€Å"the form’s popularity with mid-level consumers throughout the colonies.† A tilt-top tea table was a signifier of refinement. â€Å"The popularity of tilt-top tea tables may have helped spread the consumerist impulse that made possible later increases in stylish goods.† T he desire for material objects among middle class people increased. Although during the Industrial Revolution, in America, the middle class saw an emergence, the upper class was still quite prevalent. Some objects were specifically designed for individuals of wealth. The McIntire chair, created by

Advanced Managerial Finance Mini Case - 2153 Words

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Assume you have just been hired as a business manager of PizzaPalace, a regional pizza restaurant chain. The company s EBIT was $50 million last year and is not expected to grow. The firm is currently financed with all equity, and it has 10 million shares outstanding. When you took your corporate finance course, your instructor stated that most firms owners would be financially better off if the firms used some debt. When you suggested this to your new boss, he encouraged you to pursue the idea. As a first step, assume that you obtained from the firm s investment banker the following†¦show more content†¦(1) Construct partial income statements, which start with EBIT, for the two firms. Firm U Firm L Assets $20,000 $20,000 Equity $20,000 $10,000 EBIT $ 3,000 $ 3,000 INT (12%) 0 1,200 EBT $ 3,000 $ 1,800 Taxes (40%) 1,200 720 NI $ 1,800 $ 1,080 (2) Now calculate ROE for both firms. Firm U Firm L BEP 15.0% 15.0% ROI 9.0% 11.4% ROE 9.0% 10.8% TIE 2.5 (3) What does this example illustrate about the impact of financial leverage on ROE? Firm L has higher expected ROI because of the tax savings effect. Firm L also has the higher expected ROE resulted in part from the tax savings. The use of financial leverage has increased the expected profitability to shareholders. Stock is riskier if the firm uses debt. The use of debt will increase ROE only if ROA exceeds the after-tax cost of debt. D. Explain the difference between financial risk and business risk. Business risk increases the uncertainty in future EBIT. It depends on business factors such as competition, operating leverage, etc. Financial risk is the additional business risk concentrated on common stockholders when financial leverage is used. It depends on the amount of debt and preferred stock financing. E. What happens to ROE for Firm U and Firm L if EBIT falls to $2,000? What does this imply about the impact of leverage on risk andShow MoreRelatedMini Case - Mckenzie Corporations Capital Budgeting942 Words   |  4 PagesCFEA3230 Advanced Managerial Finance individual assignment: MINI CASE - McKENZIE CORPORATIONS CAPITAL BUDGETING Prepared by :- RUBBIATUN ARDAWIYAH bt ABDUL HAMID CEA 080147 Prepared for:- Profesor Madya Dr. Rubi Binti Ahmad Date of submission :- 25 april 2012 MINI CASE - McKENZIE CORPORATIONS CAPITAL BUDGETING Sam McKenzie is the founder and CEO of McKenzie Restaurants, Inc., a regional company. Sam is considering opening several new restaurantsRead MoreInternational Business Competing in the Global Marketplace 8th Edition Charles W. L. Hill5106 Words   |  21 PagesSeries in Finance Alexander/Sharpe/Bailey Geisst Fundamentals of Investments Megginson Investment Banking in the Financial System Andersen Corporate Finance Theory Melvin Global Derivatives: A Strategic Risk Management Perspective Bear/Moldonado-Bear Gitman International Money and Finance Principles of Managerial Finance* Principles of Managerial Finance–– Brief Edition* Mishkin/Eakins Financial Markets and Institutions Free Markets, Finance, Ethics,Read MoreFin 516 Mini Case1684 Words   |  7 PagesMini Case: Google Christina Santino FIN 516:Advanced Managerial Finance July 21, 2013 What is the name of the company? What is the industry sector? Google Inc. is a multi-billion dollar company in the informational technology (IT) industry. Google Inc. is one of the leading computer search engines in the world and is continuing to grow as the front runner in their industry. What are the operating risks of the company? Within business, there will always be operational risks toRead MoreHca 270 Ratio Analysis2493 Words   |  10 PagesAll rights reserved. Course Description This course is designed as an introduction to the terminology, processes, functions, and financial reports commonly encountered in health care operations. This course introduces the concepts of basic managerial financial functions, such as budgeting, reimbursement methods, and the responsibilities of health care financial management. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies containedRead MoreAdvanced Corporate Finance4303 Words   |  18 PagesUniversity of Puget Sound School of Business and Leadership BUS 434 Advanced Corporate Finance Professor Alva Wright Butcher Tues-Thurs 11:00-12:20 McIntyre 107 Spring Semester 2012 Office: McIntyre 111 I Phone: 253-879-3349 FAX: 253-879-3156 Office Hours: T-Th: 1:00-1:50 Wed: 9:30-10:30 And by appointment Note that I am always willing to schedule additional office hours by appointment. I check email frequently, so that is also a goodRead MoreSolution Manual, Test Bank and Instructor Manuals34836 Words   |  140 PagesEdition, 2nd Edition_Joyce Fung-Goh B.L., Suriya Binte Shukor, Marie Christine Que Cheong, Fadhlina Samsudin, Tan Shu Hong (SM ) Accounting and Auditing Research Tools and Strategies, 6th Edition_Thomas Weirich,Thomas C. Pearson,Alan Reinstein (SM+Cases and solutions) Accounting and Financial Analysis in the Hospitality Industry_Johnathan Hales,Hubert B. Van Hoof (IM+TB) Accounting Business Reporting for Decision Making, 4th Edition_Jacqueline Birt, Keryn Chalmers, Albie Brooks, Suzy Byrne, JudyRead MoreTows Analysis8613 Words   |  35 Pagesso that sufficient attention can be given to the analysis of the current situation. It is assumed that the purpose of the firm has already been established, yet is subject to change after an evaluation of the situation. Inputs People Capital Managerial Skills Technical Skills Goals of Claimants Enterprise Profile Present External Environmen External Treats and Opportunities Evaluation and Strategic Choice Medium Range Planning Forecast of Future Environmen Alternative Strategies Read Morecafes monte bianco case analysis4234 Words   |  17 Pagesï » ¿ MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING FOR DECISION MAKING AMIS 823 – Spring 2008 Course Syllabus INSTRUCTOR: Prakash R. Mulchandani OFFICE HOURS: M/W 3:30-4:30pm, and by appointment OFFICE: 432 Fisher Hall E-MAIL: mulchandani.3@osu.edu TELEPHONE: (614) 247-6267 FAX: (614) 292-2118 COURSE OUTLINE This course focuses on the strategic nature of management accounting and emphasizes the critical role that information plays in decision-making, strategy execution, and overall enhancement of a firm’sRead MoreAn Introduction Of The Soft Drink Industry2157 Words   |  9 Pagesflat or slightly falling. Although this would normally be seen as unfavorable, in this case it has caused Pepsi to hit the drawing board for new ideas and products. Pepsi has designed a smaller portions can size. The calorie content remains the same per unit of beverage, but the can contains a smaller portion sized amount. The soft drink company has seen a 3% increase in sales due specifically to its mini-can products. PepsiCo has also launched a line of craft sodas, using new ingredients, tryingRead MoreAaa Framework5113 Words   |  21 Pagescountries or regions.. Ghemawat cites the actions taken by Rupert Murdoch’s News Corporation in the 1990s. By placing its U.S. acquisitions into holdi ng companies in the Cayman Islands, the company could deduct interest payments on the debt used to finance the deals against the profits generated by its newspaper operations in Britain. Through this and other similar actions, it successfully lowered its tax liabilities to an average rate of less than 10%, rather than the statutory 30% to 36% of the three

Risk Management Health Care Regs Free Essays

Homework Week 4 1. How does OSHA protect health care employees? OSHA is in place to help with strong reminders of the potential dangers existing in a health care facility. These reminders help health care facilities to function safely, efficiently and for safety and security incidents that seem to create a serious threat to the financial well-being of any health care organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Risk Management Health Care Regs or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. What should be included in a waste management plan? †¢Define and designate those wastes to be considered and handled as infectious material. Segregates infectious waste from noninfectious wast. †¢Establishes packing standards for waste disposal. †¢Sets storage guidelines. †¢Specifies disposal methods. †¢Details contingency measures for emergency situations. †¢Arranges for staff education. 3. What does the employee health department do to protect employees? They monitor employee’s health y giving periodic health exams for those employees that are exposed to a hazard environment, or giving health exams to those who are returning to work from an illness or injury to protect that employee and others. By monitoring, protecting and maintaining, hazards are controlled, and injuries are avoided or minimized. 4. Describe the functions of facility safety committee. To set a facility safety plan in which to help to reduce liabilities to health care facilities, these plans are put together by the facility safety committee and the various institutional departments. These plans have to also conform to mandatory government regulations and several other agencies. 5. What is your regulatory agency and what type of license do you have? 6. Why is a national tracking agency for licensed physicians necessary? The national tracking agency for licensed physicians is necessary to keep track of physicians and any type of complaints or lawsuits that may have been filed on them. This is a sure way for patients to check the physician out before they decide to visit these physicians. 7. Does physician peer review override legal action against a physician? Physician peer review is legally protected ranging from complete immunity to qualified immunity. Peer reviewers prefer absolute immunity, since abuses of the process could result in unwarranted damages to professional reputations if the information became public. But, peer review participants have been subject to law suits, initiated mainly by physicians whose clinical privileges were revoked or denied. 8. What are some alternatives to malpractice litigation? Both mediation and arbitration remove procedure bound litigation from the courtroom to an informal setting where neutral intermediaries work with litigants to resolve the problem. Mediators can only try to negotiate agreements. In contrast, arbitrators can make judgments and impose awards. About 15 states authorize a form of voluntary arbitration, and some states allow for pretreatment arbitration agreements between physicians and patients. . What are the requirements to prove megligence? Four requirements define an act as one of negligence: †¢A legally recognized relationship exists between the parties. †¢The health care worker has a duty of care to the patient. †¢The health care worker breached the duty of care by failing to conform to the required standards of care. â⠂¬ ¢The breach of duty was the direct cause of harm, resulting in compensable damages for the negligent actions. 10. How do negligence and malpractice differ? Negligence is the improper treatment of neglect of a patient. Malpractice is the commission or omission of an action causing the injury that must arise from the exercising of professional medical judgment. For example, failure of a nurse to properly maintain an intravenous tube constitutes as professional malpractice, and failure to properly supervise the patient in the bathroom is ordinary negligence. 11. What are the sources of the Standards of Practice? In 1998 the JCAHO Board of Directors recognized the importance of guidelines for improvement purposes and requirements were added to the leadership and performance improvement standards. In July 2001, the use of knowledge-based information for improving patient safety was added as an accreditation standard. Organizations should use a variety of information sources including practice guidelines, literature resources, and information from other outside sources. The Joint Commission expects practitioners to consider the recommendations found in knowledge-based sources. These recommendations may come from professional medical societies and physician organizations, nursing and allied healthcare associations and policy-making bodies, and/or local organizations. Knowledge-based information helps to broaden the perspective of physicians and other caregivers, who have traditionally relied on personal experiences to define best practices. 12. Explain respondent superior and vicarious liability. Vicarious liability in medical malpractice is the doctrine of holding one person liable for the acts of another depending on the theories of agency and control. Respondeat Superior establishes the responsibility of an employer for the wrongful acts of its employees. The elements of responeat superior include: (1) medical malpractice by a health care provider; (2) an employment relationship between providers and the MCO, as opposed to an independent contractor relationship, and (3) providers acting within the scope of their employment. 13. How can high risk be avoided? Risk management actions are seen to be effective in avoiding many high risk situations. Good communication with patients, making sure there is sufficient documentation, gathering sufficient information in reference to the patient, their history as well as information on their condition and treatment. With this type of risk management, it is a great way to start in prevention of lawsuits. 14. What are some of the positive elements that make a department low risk? Risk managers are supported by major legislation, OSHA and HIPAA regulations, to help provide a safe and secure health care environment. Surveillance and monitoring of potential risks are bolstered by rapid advances in security technology and cooperative team approaches to prevent incidents of unsafe practices, and to react appropriately to incursions on security of people and property. 15. What are some of the high risk departments in a hospital? The following selected high risk departments within clinical care deserve special attention: emergency medicine, obstetrics and neonatology, and surgery and anesthesia. Emergency medicine has a unique set of inherent risks. Most patients arrive at the emergency department are in a medical crisis. Obstetrics and neonatology have their risk to both mother and baby. For surgery and anesthesia, they work hand and hand because anesthesia causes risks to any patient not knowing if they are going to have a reaction and surgery, can either go good or bad depending on what the physician finds once the patient is opened up. 6. Explain emergency triage. Proper triage classifies patients by level of need: †¢ Emergency cases require immediate medical attention because delaying medical care would be harmful to the patient. †¢Urgent cases require medical attention within a few hours of arrival at the hospital because the patient is in danger of acute, but not life threatening problems. â € ¢Non urgent cases do not require the resources of an emergency department, because the problem is minor or nonacute, or treatment cannot affect outcome or suffering. 7. What are some causes of high litigation rates in surgery? †¢Unrealistic patient expectations – About 88 percent of the lawyers stated that the patient and/or the family were surprised by the adverse outcome. Either they had unrealistic expectations, or that they were not adequately educated regarding the course of treatment. †¢No Response to complaints – A failure by the physician to respond to the specific complaints that had instigated a patient’s visit to the physician was cited by more than 80 percent of the attorneys. Illegible Medical Records – About 77 percent of the lawyers identified illegibility as a significant problem, and this situation seriously inhibits the defense of the lawsuit. †¢Insufficient Information in Medical Records – Almost 70 percent of the lawyers claimed that information relative to medications, allergies, problems, telephone calls, and so on was missing from records and that the operative notes were written more than twenty-four hours after the procedure. No Follow-up on Abnormal Tests – Attorneys indicated that 62 percent of the suits involved the failure to follow up on abnormal test results. †¢Professional Miscommunication – About 58 percent of the attorneys states that miscommunication had occurred in many of their cases. References (Spath, Brown-Spath Associates Web site, 2002) Kavaler, F. Spiegel, A. (2003). Risk management in health care institutions: A strategic approach. (2nd ed. ). Boston, MA: Jones Bartlett. Wachter RM. Understanding Patient Safety. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2008 (Neurology. org) How to cite Risk Management Health Care Regs, Papers